sensors are used during development but currently are prohibitively expensive
for use in production. When available, these sensors will provide instantaneous
closed loop feedback about the combustion process. This will be particularly
important with lean burning engines.
9.1.4 Wide range lambda sensors
Most lambda sensors provide excellent closed-control of the air–fuel ratio at or
very near to stoichiometry (14.7 : 1). A sensor is now available that is able to
provide a linear output between air–fuel ratios of 12 : 1 and about 24 : 1. This
allows closed loop feedback over a much wider range of operating conditions.
9.1.5
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