September 2017
Intermediate to advanced
700 pages
28h 19m
English
Content preview from Automobile Electrical and Electronic Systems, 5th Edition
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Engine management
374
A delay also exists between the mixture formation in the manifold and the
measurement of the exhaust gas oxygen. This is due to the engine’s working
cycle and the speed of the inlet mixture, the time for the exhaust to reach the
sensor and the sensor’s response time. This is sometimes known as ‘dead
time’ and can be as much as one second at idle speed but only a few hundred
milliseconds at higher engine speeds.
Due to the dead time the mixture cannot be controlled to an exact value of 1.
If the integrator is adjusted to allow for engine speed then it is possible to keep
the mixture in the lambda window (0.97–1.03), which is ...
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