Bioinspired and Green Synthesis of Nanostructures

4Sustainability: An Emerging Design Criterion in Nanoparticles Synthesis and Applications

Yashtika Raj Singh¹, Abhyavartin Selvam¹, P.E. Lokhande² and Sandip Chakrabarti¹*

¹Amity Institute of Nanotechnology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida, UP, India

²Department of Mechanical, Manufacturing and Biomedical Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland

Abstract

The field of nanotechnology has emerged as an exciting field for developing and modifying novel nanostructured materials for a wide array of application possibilities. Nanomaterials are primarily synthesized using physical and chemical methods, using harsh chemicals under hazardous conditions, like chemical precipitation, photochemical, sol-gel, hydrothermal, solvothermal, physical vapor deposition, chemical vapor deposition, and ball milling, rendering them hazardous to human health and the environment. The solution to this problem can be explored in biological methods that incorporate green nanotechnology, which amalgamates green chemistry and engineering principles to devise harmless and eco-friendly nanomaterials. The process of producing stable nanomaterials from enzymes, metabolites, or biomolecules contained in plants and microbes, is known as biosynthesis. The biosynthesis strategy employs biotemplates, namely leaves, fruits, seeds, and flowers, that are rich in alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, steroids, phenols, and microorganisms. Likewise, biogenic preparation of nanomaterials has been cited as ...