Bioinspired and Green Synthesis of Nanostructures

5Green Conversion Methods to Prepare Nanoparticle

Pradip Kumar Sukul and Chirantan Kar*

Department of Chemistry, Amity University Kolkata, West Bengal, India

Abstract

The synthesis of nanoparticles has become the matter of great interest in recent times due to its various advantageous properties and applications in various fields. Nanomaterials are synthesized following two general approaches: the top-down, in which process, a bigger particle is broken down into tiny particles using mechanical and chemical forces. On the other approach, the bottom-up approach, a process where various interactions, such as physical, chemical and biological forces, are utilized to create self-assembled larger architecture, nanomaterials. The physical and chemical methods are very common to prepare nanostructured materials. The toxic chemicals utilized in the bottom-up approach are responsible for the induction of cancer, cytotoxicity, and environmental contamination. The toxicity problems become more serious when organic solvents, reducing agents, and capping agents are the major components of the nanomaterials. The capping agents are used to prevent the agglomeration of colloid particles. In common solution methods, different toxic chemicals, such as sodium borohydride, tetrakis(hydroxymethyl)phosphonium chloride and poly-N-vinyl pyrrolidone, are generally used. The application of nanomaterials in the biomedical and medicinal fields is limited due to the presence of toxic chemicals and organic ...