6.1 Queuing Systems, the Basic Queuing Process, and Queuing Strategies 6.1.1 The Basic Queuing Process6.1.2 Strategies for Mitigating the Effects of Long Queues6.2 Analytical Queuing Models6.2.1 The Exponential Distribution and Its Role in Queuing Theory6.2.2 Terminology, Notation, and Little’s Law Revisited6.2.3 Birth and Death Processes6.2.4 The M/M/l Model6.2.5 The M/M/c Model6.2.6 The M/M/c/K Model6.2.7 The M/M/c/8/N Model6.2.8 Queuing Theory and Process Design6.3 Introduction to Simulation6.3.1 Simulation Models6.3.2 Discrete Event Simulation6.3.3 Spreadsheet Simulation of a Single-Server Process6.4 Summary6.5 References6.6 Discussion Questions and Exercises