Emerging Technologies for Food Processing, 2nd Edition

29.6. AFPS in Various Organisms

Since the initial discovery of AFPs in fish and insects, they have been discovered in a large number of various organisms across many taxa, including bacteria (Yamashita et al., 2002; Gilbert et al., 2005), diatoms (Raymond and Fritsen, 2001), algae (Raymond et al., 2009), yeast (Lee et al., 2010), lichens (Sidebottom et al., 1999), fungi, plants (Newsted et al., 1994; Hoshino et al., 2003; Duman and Olsen, 1993), nematodes (Wharton et al., 2005), insects (Duman, 1977; Duman et al., 2004), Collembola (Meier and Zettel, 1997), and polar fish (DeVries, 1968; Cheng and DeVries, 2002; Brown and Sönnichsen, 2002).

Although the common feature of all of these proteins is that they bind to ice crystals and inhibit their ...