November 2024
Intermediate to advanced
1014 pages
27h 21m
French
Content preview from Fluent Python, 2ème édition
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Chapitre 3. Dictionnaires et ensembles
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Python, c'est essentiellement des dicts enveloppés dans des tonnes de sucre syntaxique.
Lalo Martins, nomade numérique de la première heure et pythoniste.
Nous utilisons des dictionnaires dans tous nos programmes Python. Si ce n'est pas directement dans notre code, c'est indirectement parce que le type dict est un élément fondamental de la mise en œuvre de Python. Les attributs des classes et des instances, les espaces de noms des modules et les arguments des mots clés des fonctions sont quelques-unes des constructions centrales de Python représentées par des dictionnaires en mémoire. Le site __builtins__.__dict__ stocke tous les types, objets et fonctions intégrés.
En raison de leur rôle crucial, les dicts de Python sont très optimisés - et continuent à recevoir des améliorations. Tables de hachage sont les moteurs des dicts très performants de Python.
D'autres types intégrés basés sur des tables de hachage sont set et frozenset. Ils offrent des API et des opérateurs plus riches que les ensembles que tu as pu rencontrer dans d'autres langages populaires. En particulier, les ensembles Python implémentent toutes les opérations fondamentales de la théorie des ensembles, comme l'union, l'intersection, les tests de sous-ensembles, etc. Grâce à eux, nous pouvons exprimer des algorithmes de manière plus déclarative, ...
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