The monolayer ‘graphene’ was first invented in the year 1986 and was presented as a 2D sheet of perfect honeycomb lattice of single carbon atoms, which was first formed by graphite intercalation [1]. Carbon being the centre of attention of many research fields has an exceptional electronic configuration that allows it to form different types of hybridized atomic orbitals. Carbon atoms in the elemental substances (e.g. diamond, graphite) make covalent bonds to each other. This highly directive covalent bond facilitates the carbon atom to adapt into various molecular and crystalline structures. This ultimately settles the varied chemical properties and physical properties of the carbon allotropes [ ...
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