November 2021
Intermediate to advanced
410 pages
12h 1m
Chinese
Content preview from MongoDB权威指南（第3版）
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250
第 15章
配置分片
在第
14
章，我们在一台机器上创建了一个“集群”。本章讲述如何创建一个更实际的集
群，以及每个部分如何配合在一起。具体来说，主要介绍：
•
如何创建配置服务器、分片以及
mongos
进程；
•
如何增加集群的容量；
•
数据是如何存储和分布的。
15.1
何时分片
何时进行分片是需要权衡的。通常来说，不应该过早进行分片，因为这会增加部署操作的
复杂性，并迫使你做出以后难以更改的设计决策。另外，也不应该等待太长时间再分片，
因为在不停止运行的情况下很难对超载的系统进行分片。
通常情况下，分片用于：
•
增加可用
RAM
；
•
增加可用磁盘空间；
•
减少服务器的负载；
•
处理单个
mongod
无法承受的吞吐量。
因此，良好的监控对于决定何时需要分片非常重要。应该仔细测量这些指标。通常情况
下，我们会更快遇到其中某项资源的瓶颈，因此应弄清楚首先需要为哪个瓶颈做准备，并
提前制订计划，以确定何时以及如何转换副本集。
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