November 2021
Intermediate to advanced
410 pages
12h 1m
Chinese
Content preview from MongoDB权威指南（第3版）
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368
第 24章
部署
MongoDB
本章给出了部署生产环境服务器的相关建议，具体来说包括以下几方面。
•
选择购买什么硬件以及如何设置。
•
使用虚拟化环境。
•
重要的内核和磁盘
I/O
设置。
•
网络设置：哪些组件之间需要建立连接。
24.1
系统设计
通常我们希望针对数据的安全性和最快的访问速度进行优化。本节会讨论在选择磁盘、
RAID
配置、
CPU
以及其他硬件和底层软件组件时实现这些目标的最佳方法。
24.1.1
选择存储介质
按照优先顺序，我们希望在以下存储介质中存储和检索数据。
1. RAM
2. SSD
3.
机械硬盘
不幸的是，在大多数情况下，由于预算有限或者数据过多，在
RAM
中存储所有东西是不
现实的，并且
SSD
也过于昂贵
。因此，典型的部署方案是使用少量
RAM
（相对于总数据
大小）和机械硬盘上的大量空间。这种情况下需要注意，工作集的大小应该小于
RAM
，
并且如果工作集在随着时间增长，则应该做好横向扩展的准备。
如果在硬件上没有花费的限制，就购买大量的
RAM
和
/
或
SSD
。
部署
MongoDB
｜
369
从
RAM
中读取数据需要几纳秒的时间（比如
100
纳秒），而从磁盘读取数据需要几毫秒的
时间（比如
10
毫秒）
。很难想象这两个数字之间的差别，因此，如果把它们放大到更直观
的数字，你就会明白：如果访问
RAM
需要
1
秒的时间 ...
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