November 2021
Intermediate to advanced
410 pages
12h 1m
Chinese
Content preview from MongoDB权威指南（第3版）
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190
｜
第
10
章
本章会介绍副本集，包括如何在系统中使用复制功能。如果你对复制机制不那么感兴趣，
而只是想创建一个用于测试
/
开发或生产的副本集
，请使用
MongoDB
的云端解决方案
MongoDB Atlas
。它易于使用
，并提供了免费的付费选项以供试用。另外，如要想在自己
的基础架构中管理
MongoDB
集群，也可以使用
Ops Manager
。
10.2
建立副本集
（
一
）
本章会展示如何在单机服务器上建立一个三节点副本集，这样就可以对副本集机制进行一
些试验。这种配置方式可以让你编写脚本来启动并运行副本集，然后在
mongo shell
中使
用管理命令对其进行调试，或者模拟网络分区或服务器故障，以便更好地了解
MongoDB
如何处理高可用和灾难恢复。在生产环境中，应该始终使用副本集并为每个成员分配一个
专用主机，以避免资源争用，并针对服务器故障提供隔离。为了提供更多的弹性，还应该
使用
DNS
种子列表连接
（
seedlist connection
）格式指定应用程序如何连接到副本集。使用
DNS
的优点在于可以轮流更改托管
MongoDB
副本集成员的服务器
，而无须重新配置客户
端（尤其是它们的连接字符串）。
考虑到可用的各种虚拟化和云选项，在专用的主机上为每个成员启动一个测试副本集几乎
同样容易。我们提供了一个
V
agrant
脚本以尝试这个选项
1
。
要测试副本集，首先需要为每个节点创建单独的数据目录。在
Linux
或
macOS
系统中
，在
终端中运行以下命令以创建
3
个目录：
$ mkdir -p ~/data/rs{1,2,3} ...
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I'm always learning. So when I got on to O'Reilly, I was like a kid in a candy store. There are playlists. There are answers. There's on-demand training. It's worth its weight in gold, in terms of what it allows me to do.