Neural Networks with R

Training and Visualizing a Neural Network in R

As seen in Chapters 1, Neural Network and Artificial Intelligence Concepts, and Chapter 2, Learning Process in Neural Networks, training a neural network model forms the basis for building a neural network.

Feed-forward and backpropagation are the techniques used to determine the weights and biases of the model. The weights can never be zero but the biases can be zero. To start with, the weights are initialized a random number, and by gradient descent, the errors are minimized; we get a set of best possible weights and biases for the model.

Once the model is trained using any of the R functions, we can pass on the independent variables to predict the target or unknown variable. In this chapter, ...