— German Investment and Development Company) is a state-owned body
that provides long-term debt and equity for projects.
Italy: Simest (cf. §11.5.7) provides loans and equity investment.
Netherlands: FMO—Nederlandse Financierings-Maatschappij voor Ontwik-
kelingslanden (Netherlands Investment Bank for Developing Countries),
which is 51% owned by the Dutch state and the balance by the leading Dutch
banks and a variety of private sector investors, provides loans and equity.
Projects do not have to have a Dutch shareholding.
Sweden: Swedfund International AB is owned by the Swedish government
and provides equity or loans to joint-venture projects, which must include
a Swedish partner.
United Kingdom: CDC Capital Partners, formerly the state-owned Common- ...