March 2019
Beginner to intermediate
448 pages
13h 14m
English
R calculates the differences and computes the mean and the sum of squares. It then uses the appropriate degrees of freedom and gets the final test statistic. The p-value is obtained in this case as the area to the right of the test statistic (because it's so small, it implies that, if the difference was actually 0, it would be very rare to have seen a value as extreme as the one we got).
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