Chapter 16

Optimum System Safety and Optimum System Resilience: Agonistic or Antagonistic Concepts?

René Amalberti

Introduction: Why are Human Activities Sometimes Unsafe?

It is a simple fact of life that the variety of human activities at work corresponds to a wide range of safety levels.

For example, considering only the medical domain, we may observe on the one hand that audacious grafts have a risk of fatal adverse event (due to unsecured innovative protocol, infection, or graft rejection) greater than one per ten cases (10-1) and that surgeries have an average risk of adverse event close to one per thousand (10-3), while on the other hand fatal adverse events for blood transfusion or anaesthesia of young pregnant woman at delivery phase ...

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