instrumentation, DAC/ADC systems and calibration standards. Two techniques exist to
provide such references, one based on the precision zener diode and the other on the
band-gap voltage of silicon.
5.4.1Zener references
We have already discussed the operation of the basic Zener diode (section 4.1.7). To
produce a reference from a zener, it must be temperature compensated, fed from a
constant current and buffered. Temperature compensation is achieved by selecting a
low-tempco zener voltage in the range 5.5−7V and mating it with a silicon diode so that
the voltage tempcos cancel. The combination is driven from a constant ...
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