June 2004
Intermediate to advanced
840 pages
39h 47m
English
Content preview from The Internet and Its Protocols
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10 Chapter 1 Overview of Essentials
hop-by-hop and end-to-end information before passing it to the data-link layer.
The data-link layer prepends its own header and may also chop the data up further,
if necessary. The data-link layer presents the data to the physical layer, which
encodes it for transmission as a bit stream according to the physical medium.
The effect of this is that a considerable amount of protocol overhead may
be needed to transmit some data end to end, as shown in Figure 1.6.
At the data-link layer, protocol and data messages are known as
frames.
At the network and transport ...
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