for example, how credit card details are exchanged during commercial transac-
tions on the World Wide Web. In other circumstances, the transport or network
protocols are asked to provide encryption on behalf of the applicationsmthe
most widespread encryption and authentication technique at the network layer
is provided by IPsec, discussed in the next section.
Authentication and encryption may be applied independently or in
combination.
14.4
IPsec
IP security (IPsec) defines a standard way in which IP datagrams may be
authenticated or encrypted when they are exchanged between two nodes. ...
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