February 2015
Intermediate
656 pages
24h 7m
English
Content preview from Transient Analysis of Power Systems
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Annex A Techniques and Computer Codes for Rational Modelling of Frequency-Dependent Components and Subnetworks
Bjørn Gustavsen
A.1 Introduction
Several power system components, such as overhead lines, underground cables and power transformers, are characterized by strongly frequency-dependent effects in their behaviour. The accurate simulation of electromagnetic transients [1] requires us to take the frequency dependency into account. One way of modelling such components is by characterizing their behaviour in the frequency domain, followed by a model extraction procedure. The use of rational functions is an essential ingredient in such modelling as it leads to highly efficient time-domain simulations [2].
Since most difficulties in frequency-dependent modelling of overhead lines and underground cables have been overcome these days [3–5], this annex focuses on the modelling of terminal equivalents from tabulated data. Here, significant challenges remain. Typical applications include modelling of subnetworks by frequency-dependent network equivalents [6, 7] and high-frequency transformer modelling [8, 9]. We first list the rational fitting methods that have been traditionally applied within the power systems area, and we describe the basic steps for including a rational model in a circuit simulator. We next describe a very powerful method for ‘fitting’ a rational function to the data, known as vector fitting [10]. A perturbation method [11] is described, which is capable of ...
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