February 2015
Intermediate
656 pages
24h 7m
English
Content preview from Transient Analysis of Power Systems
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Annex B Dynamic System Equivalents
Udaya D. Annakkage
B.1 Introduction
There are two commonly used power system simulation models: (1) electromagnetic transient (EMT) models, and (2) transient stability models or ‘phasor models’. In EMT programs, power system components are adequately modelled to simulate high-frequency transients in power systems. This makes EMT programs very valuable in studies of lightning and switching overvoltages, and the effects of power-electronic devices on system behaviour. In order to cover the necessary bandwidth, these programs use small integration time-steps of the order of 50 μs or less, making EMT programs much slower than transient stability programs. On the other hand, stability programs, based on ‘phasor models’ of transmission lines and simplified rotating machine models use a much larger integration time-step (typically half a cycle) enabling such programs to solve large power systems in excess of 50 000 buses. The common practice in dealing with large systems using EMT programs is to divide the system into a study zone where transient phenomena occur and an external system encompassing the rest of the system, in order to reduce computational burden. The generators in the external system are represented by power frequency voltage sources. This simplification eliminates electromechanical-type low-frequency behaviour from the model, and the resulting model is suitable for the simulation of lightning and switching overvoltages. In situations ...
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