9 Simulation of Transients for VSC-HVDC Transmission Systems Based on Modular Multilevel Converters
Hani Saad, Sébastien Dennetière, Jean Mahseredjian, Tarek Ould-Bachir and Jean-Pierre David
9.1 Introduction
The development of controllable semiconductor switches and voltage source converter (VSC) technologies is rapidly expanding the fields of applications of HVDC and FACTS in power systems. VSC-based HVDC systems present several advantages in comparison with traditional line-commutated converter (LCC) based HVDC transmission [1]. VSC-HVDC technology combines IGBT-based VSC with DC transmission lines to transfer power up to 1000 MW [2]. The potential applications of VSC-HVDC systems include interconnections of asynchronous systems, grid integration of offshore wind farms, electrification of remote islands and multiterminal DC grids [3, 4]. VSC-HVDC systems can independently control both active and reactive powers by maintaining stable voltage and frequency [5], which enables the supply of very weak grids and even passive networks [6].
Various VSC topologies, including the conventional two-level, multilevel diode-clamped and floating capacitor multilevel converters, have been proposed and reported in [7]. However, due to the complexity of controls and practical limitations, the VSC-HVDC system installations have been limited to the two-level and three-level diode-clamped converters. Recently, the development of the modular multilevel converter (MMC) technology with series-connected ...
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