12 Time-Domain Analysis of the Smart Grid Technologies: Possibilities and Challenges
Francisco de León, Reynaldo Salcedo, Xuanchang Ran and Juan A. Martinez-Velasco
12.1 Introduction
According to the US Department of Energy, the term smart grid ‘refers to a class of technology people are using to bring utility electricity delivery systems into the 21st century, using computer-based remote control and automation. These systems are made possible by two-way communication technology and computer processing that has been used for decades in other industries.’ [1].
In terms of vision, the smart grid (SG) is supposed to be [2]:
- intelligent
- efficient
- accommodating
- motivating
- opportunistic
- quality-focused
- resilient
- green.
The smart grid presents an opportunity for the upgrade of electric power systems by optimizing grid operations, enhancing grid security and opening new markets for the utilization of sustainable energy. A few of the examples of the smart gird include the capacity of sensing overloads and rerouting power to prevent or minimize outages. The SG should meet increased consumer demand without adding infrastructure and should accept energy from any alternative source, including solar and wind, and incorporate energy storage technologies. The SG is intended to be free from voltage sags, spikes, disturbances and interruptions.
At the time of publishing, the smart grid is not yet a reality. There is a gamut of demonstrations going on all over the world, but no widespread adoption ...
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