8 Modelling of Electronically Interfaced DER Systems for Transient Analysis
Amirnaser Yazdani and Omid Alizadeh
8.1 Introduction
For a variety of technical, economical and environmental reasons, the electric power system is receiving small-scale distributed generation (DG) and distributed storage (DS) systems at its low- and medium-voltage levels of operation. Consequently, DG and DS systems, which are collectively referred to as distributed energy resource (DER) systems, are expected to affect the power system transients, especially as their aggregate installed capacity continues to grow. This expectation indicates the need for modelling, simulation and analysis techniques to reveal the steady-state and transient impacts of DER systems on the power system.
Broadly speaking, DER systems can be classified as rotating-machine-based DER systems or electronically interfaced DER systems. A rotating-machine-based DER system employs a synchronous or asynchronous (induction) generator to convert mechanical energy to electricity. More importantly, the electric machine is directly coupled with the host power system and thus is bound to operate at the power system frequency. Examples include biomass-fuelled generators, diesel-fuelled generators, generators driven by gas-fuelled internal combustion engines, small hydroelectric generators and fixed-speed wind energy systems. By contrast, an electronically interfaced DER system may or may not utilize a rotating machine to generate electricity ...
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