
Tactile feedback interfaces 201
In the University of Hull GB, department of electronics, a tactile interface in a
5 × 5 matrix form based on electrorheological fluid-based actuators has been made
for VE applications (Taylor et al., 1996a; Taylor et al., 1996b). After validation of the
concept for an actuator, a 5 × 5 actuator matrix has been developed. Each actuator
is 11 × 11 mm
2
with rounded edges with a radius of 1 mm. Each actuator can be fed
independently with a voltage of 2.4 kV.
In the Microelectromechanical Systems Laboratory of the Carnegie Mellon Uni-
versity, researchers have developed a matrix tactile interface based on the MEMS
technologies. ...