August 2011
Intermediate to advanced
312 pages
7h 12m
English
Content preview from Advanced Frequency Synthesis by Phase LockBecome an O’Reilly member and get unlimited access to this title plus top books and audiobooks from O’Reilly and nearly 200 top publishers, thousands of courses curated by job role, 150+ live events each month,
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END NOTES
CHAPTER 2
1. Meninger and Perrott, 2003.
2. Pamarti et al., 2004.
3. An extensive discussion of the amplitude of fractional spurs is contained in Banerjee [2006, Chapter 12].
4. This is digital differentiation. King [1980] uses a small capacitor to differentiate the value in the second accumulator after DA conversion.
5. 8192/20.48×106 = 4×10−4.
6. The sample rate was changed by changing the specified SA bandwidth. Since the spectrum is converted to half of the SA bandwidth, the spectral center has shifted in Fig. 2.15.
7. These analyzers are set to make a new frame when one-fourth of the buffer has been filled with new data, so Tsegm is four times longer than the time to create a new frame.
8. Bn = (window factor)(sample frequency)/(buffer size), (window factor) = Bn/(cell width) = 1.5 for Hann window, (sample frequency) = 2.56(spectrum analyzer bandwidth) = 2.56(8 MHz) for Fig. 2.14. Bn = 1.5(2.56)(8 MHz)/8192 = 3750 Hz for Fig. 2.14.
9. MASH stands for multistage noise shaping and MASH-abc indicates that the stages have orders a, b, and c. That is, the first stage has a poles in its transfer function F(z), and so on.
10. Third-order MASH: Crawford, 2008, pp. 355–358; De Muer and Steyaert, 2003, pp. 174–175; Kozak and Kale, 2004, pp. 1148–1162; Kroupa, 2003, pp. 290–301; Lacaita et al., 2007, pp. 62–63; Pamarti and Galton, 2007; Rogers et al., 2006, pp. 319–325; Shu et al., 2001; Shu and Sánchez-Sinencio, 2005, pp. 74–76, 87–88.
11. US Patent 7,315,601. ...
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