3.1 OSCILLATOR TRANSFER FUNCTION AND GAIN3.2 DCO GAIN ESTIMATION3.3 DCO GAIN NORMALIZATION3.4 PRINCIPLE OF SYNCHRONOUSLY OPTIMAL DCO TUNING WORD RETIMING3.5 TIME DITHERING OF DCO TUNING INPUT3.6 IMPLEMENTATION OF PVT AND ACQUISITION DCO BITS3.7 IMPLEMENTATION OF TRACKING DCO BITS3.8 TIME-DOMAIN MODEL3.9 SUMMARY