SURVIVAL INSTINCTS AND PLAYER AVATARSMaslow’s Hierarchy of NeedsThe Problem of the ProtagonistProblem of the Protagonist as a Game StructureProblem of the Protagonist in Individual Game ChallengesPROSPECT AND REFUGE SPATIAL DESIGNCreating Paths with Refuges, Prospects, and Secondary RefugesProspects and Refuges in ArchitectureProspects and Refuges in Video GamesSHADE, SHADOW, AND SURVIVALShadeShadowNegative SpaceLOVING AND HATING HEIGHTSUMMARYENDNOTES