well as, in some cases, detailed data on the characteristics of each user. Well-known
organizations such as comScore and Nielsen provide accurate audience figures. Media
companies that have instituted paywalls often generate databases of the characteristics
and the reading habits of their online audience.
9.3. MARKET STRUCTURE IN NEWSPAPERS AND MAGAZINES
We now discuss market structure in print media markets. The majority of this section is
devoted to an examination of newspaper markets, due to the interesting economic issues
that arise in this industry and the wealth of research in this area. As discussed in
Section 9.1, empirical research on the newspaper industry has focused on the United
States, and therefore our emphasis in this section will