April 2025
Intermediate to advanced
630 pages
12h 48m
Portuguese (Portugal, Brazil)
Content preview from Introduzindo Python, 2ª Edição
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Capítulo 15. Dados no tempo: Processos e concorrência
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Uma coisa que um computador pode fazer que a maioria dos humanos não pode é ser fechado numa caixa de cartão e ficar num armazém.
Jack Handey
Este capítulo e os dois seguintes são um pouco mais exigentes do que os anteriores. Neste capítulo, abordamos os dados no tempo (acesso sequencial e simultâneo num único computador) e, a seguir, os dados numa caixa (armazenamento e recuperação com ficheiros especiais e bases de dados) no Capítulo 16 e, em seguida, os dados no espaço (ligação em rede) no Capítulo 17.
Programas e processos
Quando executa um programa individual, o sistema operativo cria um único processo, que utiliza recursos do sistema (CPU, memória, espaço em disco) e estruturas de dados no kerneldo sistema operativo (ligações de ficheiros e de rede, estatísticas de utilização, etc.). Um processo está isolado de outros processos - não pode ver o que os outros processos estão a fazer nem interferir com eles.
O sistema operativo controla todos os processos em execução, dando a cada um deles algum tempo de execução e passando depois para outro, com o duplo objetivo de distribuir o trabalho de forma justa e de responder ao utilizador. Podes ver o estado dos teus processos com interfaces gráficas como o Monitor de Atividades do Mac (macOS), o Gestor de Tarefas em computadores com Windows ou o comando
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