April 2025
Intermediate to advanced
630 pages
12h 48m
Portuguese (Portugal, Brazil)
Content preview from Introduzindo Python, 2ª Edição
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Capítulo 22. Py Sci
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Durante o seu reinado, o poder do vapor Em terra e no mar tornou-se supremo, E todos confiam agora Nas novas vitórias da ciência.
James McIntyre, Hino do Jubileu da Rainha 1887
Nos últimos anos, em grande parte devido ao software que vais ver neste capítulo, o Python tornou-se extremamente popular entre os cientistas. Se és um cientista ou estudante, podes ter usado ferramentas como MATLAB e R, ou linguagens tradicionais como Java, C ou C++. Agora vais ver como o Python é uma excelente plataforma para análise e publicação científica.
Matemática e estatística na biblioteca padrão
Primeiro, vamos fazer uma pequena viagem de volta à biblioteca padrão e visitar alguns recursos e módulos que ignoramos.
Funções matemáticas
O Python tem um conjunto de funções matemáticas na bibliotecamatemática padrão. Basta digitar import math para acederes a elas a partir dos teus programas.
Tem algumas constantes, como pi e e:
>>>importmath>>>math.pi>>>3.141592653589793>>>math.e2.718281828459045
A maior parte consiste em funções, por isso vamos ver as mais úteis.
fabs() devolve o valor absoluto do seu argumento:
>>>math.fabs(98.6)98.6>>>math.fabs(-271.1)271.1
Obtém o número inteiro abaixo (floor()) e acima (ceil()) de um número qualquer:
>>>math.floor(98.6)98>>>math.floor(-271.1)-272>>>math.ceil(98.6)99>>>math.ceil(-271.1)-271
Calcula ...
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