The key drivers are as follows:
- The application fails due to inaccessibility of externalities, such as applications, databases or networks
- The system crashes or becomes unresponsive
- The output is inconsistent
- Improper and inadequate testing of applications and systems
- Lack of a change management processes
- Lack of the directorate and monitoring and analysis capability
- Operational issues, exceptions and errors
- Lack of standards, best practice, and frameworks during the implementation phase
- Lack of quality software engineering frameworks and processes
- Integration with external third party services or systems
- Variations in operating conditions, for example, usage level changes and peak overloads
- Hardware failures, for example, servers, ...