156 ◾ Mobile Ad Hoc Networks: Current Status and Future Trends
e flooding is limited by the time-to-live (TTL) field in the Internet protocol (IP) header, and
received RREQs with duplicate sequence numbers are discarded. In promiscuous mode, interme-
diate nodes cache routes overheard from other packets.
Multiple routes may be cached from the same RREQ. In the event that a network becomes
partitioned, a sending node may reinitiate route discovery.
Each node is responsible for reporting its broken links. Broken links are removed from the
route cache and an RERR message is generated. e RERR message is sent to all nodes that have
attempted to use the affected link since its last acknowledgment.
Once a route has been discovered, a sender can esta ...