
Connecting Moving Smart Objects to the Internet ◾ 323
In the proactive group, Lei and Perkins [12] proposed the integration of ad hoc networks by
using mobile IP and a modified routing information protocol (RIP) as a proactive ad hoc routing
protocol. Objects discover agents using a proactive approach. In this architecture, the frequent
agent advertisement and the frequent exchange of RIP tables increase the network congestion.
Tseng et al. [13] presented a project that uses DSDV routing and mobile IP. Each MANET sub-
network service scope is controlled defining a TTL value equal to the maximum gateway distance
N. Objects farther than N are