Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks: Current Issues and Future Challenges ◾ 359
interference effects to some extent [67]. However, in case preferred group is empty or because
the vehicle chosen as the forwarder is not necessarily the closest node to the destination, delivery
latency imposed by this protocol can be potentially high. PRAODV and PRAODV-M are pre-
diction-based extensions to AODV. In these protocols, speed and location information of nodes
is employed to predict the links’ lifetimes. PRAODV constructs a new alternate route before
the end of the estimated lifetime while AODV does it until route failure happens. PRAODV-M
selects the maximum predicted lifetime path among multiple route options instead of select-
ing the shortest path in AODV ...