
38 ◾ Lauren Collins
procedure. e location update procedure permits a mobile device to
notify a cellular network as it moves from one location area to the next.
ese updates can reduce signal fade, and the subscriber gains reliable
access to the local network.
Location- based systems can be divided into the following:
• Network based
• Handset based
• SIM based
• Wi- Fi
• Hybrid
Round-trip
time circle
Node-B
Node-B
Estimated
location
region
OTDOA
hyperb
FIGURE 2.10 Cell triangulation both receives and transmits location informa-
tion across three nearby cell towers. And by transmitting, the signal that the
receiver receives essential