
1
Mathematical Tools
Electronics is based on fundamental mathematical tools that are summarized
here for the convenience of the reader.
1.1 MULTIPLES AND SUBMULTIPLES
The modern metric system of measurement adopts prexes to form multiples and
submultiples of SI units (from the French le Système International d’Unités,
International System of Units). The SI is founded on base units (meter, kilogram,
second, ampere, kelvin, mole, candela) and base independent quantities (length,
mass, time, current, thermodynamic temperature, amount of substance, lumi-
nous intensity). The prexes used to form multiples and submultiples of SI units
were establi