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Two-Terminal Components
4.1 DEFINITIONS
An electrical component (or device) is an element that allows a ow of charges
with a specic voltage–current relationship. It is provided with terminals, two or
more, that connect leads or metallic pads, as access and exit points for the elec-
tric current, across which the voltage is applied. The simplest electrical compo-
nent has only two terminals, so only one current and one voltage is available.
The voltage–current relationship is known as a transfer function (or constitutive
equation). Two terminals of the same component are also known as one-port, so
the two-terminal component is a one-port devic ...