
Chapter 15
Project 6: Phase-Locked Loop
15.1 Theory
T
HE phase-locked loop (PLL) is widely used in communications receiver systems. Since
even the fundamental theory of phase-locked loops has been the topic of dozens of
textbooks, we will only briefly discuss, then implement, a single PLL design: a discretized,
second-order Costas loop [78, 79]. The simplified block diagram of such a system is shown
in Figure 15.1. In this figure, s[n] is the sampled input signal, m[n]isanestimateofthe
message signal, T isthesampleperiod,andω
c
is the carrier frequency.
The basic operation of the PLL is as follows. The incoming signal s[n] is processed
through a filter that ...