20.4 Systems of systems engineering

Systems of systems engineering is the process of integrating existing systems to create new functionality and capabilities. Systems of systems are not designed in a top-down way. Rather, they are created when an organization recognizes that they can add value to existing systems by integrating these into a SoS. For example, a city government might wish to reduce air pollution at particular hot-spots in the city. To do so, it might integrate its traffic management system with a national real-time pollution monitoring systems. This then allows for the traffic management system to alter its strategy to reduce pollution by changing traffic light sequences, speed limits and so on.

The problems of software SoS ...

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