July 2012
Intermediate to advanced
400 pages
9h 33m
English
Content preview from Statistical Inference: A Short Course
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1.5 Let Us Add
Quite often throughout this text the reader will be asked to total or form the sum of the values appearing in a variety of data sets. We have a special notation for the operation of addition. We will let the Greek capital sigma or Σ serve as our “summation sign.” Specifically, for a variable X with values X1, X2, . . ., Xn,
Here the right-hand side of this expression reads “the sum of all observations Xi as i goes from 1 to n.” In this regard, Σ is termed an operator—it operates only on those items having an i index, and the operation is addition. When it is to be understood that we are to add over all i values, then Equation (1.1) can be rewritten simply as 
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