November 2023
Intermediate to advanced
372 pages
10h 32m
English
İstanbul University, Turkey
Oil and gas is a highly mature industry in terms of product life cycles (Nordal & El-Thalji, 2021). In the downstream segment, the marketplaces bring about intense competition over standardized products. Globally, the recent drastic crises of the COVID-19 pandemic and the Russian-Ukraine war aggravate the uncertainty of prices. After the Russian-Ukraine war outbreak on February 24, the Brent oil price exceeded $120 in March 2022, compared to the $20 level that it dropped below in ...
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