• 유의성 검정은 관찰된 효과가 귀무가설 모형에 대한 무작위 변이의 범위 내에 있는지 결정하는 데 사용
된다.
•
p
값은 귀무가설로부터 나올 수 있는 결과가 관찰된 결과만큼 극단적으로 나타날 확률이다.
• 유의수준(알파)이란, 귀무가설 모델에서 ‘비정상’이라고 판단할 임계값을 말한다.
• 유의성 검정은 데이터 과학보다는 좀 더 공식적인 연구 보고와 관련이 있다(그러나 공식적인 연구 보고의
경우에도 최근에는 중요성이 희미해지고 있다).
3.4.5
더 읽을 거리
• 스티븐 스티글러가 쓴 「
Fisher
and
the
5
%
Level
」(『
Chance
』
21
권,
4
호,
2008
)은 로널드 피셔가
1925
년 발표한 『
Statistical
Methods
for
Research
Workers
』에 대한 짧은 논평이며,
5
% 유의수준의 중요
성에 중점을 둔다.
•
3
.
2
절의 ‘더 읽을 거리’를 참고하자.
3.5
t
검정
데이터가 횟수나 측정값을 포함하는지, 표본이 얼마나 큰지, ...
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