잘 진행되었는지 타당한 결론을 도출할 수 있다. ‘아무런 변화도 가하지 않은’ 대조 처리군을 포
함하는 것은 필수적이다. 전형적인 통계 추론 주제들, 즉 가설검정,
p
값,
t
검정 등 같은 주제
들은 기존의 통계 강의나 참고자료에서 가장 많은 시간과 공간을 차지한다. 데이터 과학의 입
장에서 보면 이런 기존의 틀은 거의 필요하지 않다. 하지만 랜덤 변이가 사람을 속이는 데 중요
한 역할을 한다는 것을 이해하는 것은 여전히 중요하다. 데이터 과학자들은 직관적인 재표본추
출 과정(순열과 부트스트랩)을 통해 데이터 분석에서 우연에 의한 변이가 어느 정도까지 영향
을 미치는지 측정할 수 있게 되었다.
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