Digital Filters Design for Signal and Image Processing

11.4. Linear predictive coding

To conclude, we demonstrate an application for 2-D non-separable recursive filters. This is the method of linear predictive coding. Let us consider a 2-D signal x(u, ν) with a bounded support and centered, for example, a gray level image with M rows and N columns (we show such an image below), such that the summation below, which has a finite number of non-null terms, is null:

If the above conditions do not apply, we must subtract the constant μ/(MN) from each sample of x in order to have a centered signal.

It is important to reduce the redundancy of information between neighboring pixels. We can do this with a linear filtering operation: we look for a causal FIR filter, of transfer function:

where the order m and n are arbitrarily bounded, which, affected by the signal x(u, ν), give as an output signal y(u, ν), of minimal energy:

The filter being of finite impulse response and the input signal being of bounded support, the non-null terms are of finite number in the sum of equation (11.43).

To calculate this optimum filter, we can proceed in the following way. We write A = [a_h,k] (0 ≤ h ≤ m and 0 ≤ k ≤ n) as the matrix of dimension (m + 1) × (n + 1) ...