November 2025
Intermediate to advanced
416 pages
10h 46m
English
book
Digital Immune System
by Sujata Priyambada Dash, Vaibhav Mishra, Bijeta Shaw, Sandeep Kumar Panda, S. Balamurugan
Content preview from Digital Immune System
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7Managing Complexity in Cybersecurity: The Necessity of Human Oversight in Digital Immune Systems from Behavioral Forensic Perspective
Bhartrihari Pandiya1 and Prasad Kulkarni2*
1School of Management Studies, National Forensic Sciences University, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
2Department of MBA, Jain College of Engineering, Belagavi, India
Abstract
The rise of complex cyber-attacks is automation based on artificial intelligence (AI), and problems arise when the control of these events is not in the hands of humans. While digital immune systems (DIS) utilize AI and machine learning to spot and combat cyber risks in real-time, the systems are not immune to human-based threats like insider attacks, social engineering, and credential-based intrusions. These tactics leverage behavioral and psychological vulnerabilities rather than the technical ones, making them challenging for AI-based security solutions to catch. This study analyzes why automated cybersecurity mechanisms may have their limitations, and how human oversight may complement DIS, with potentially a behavioral forensic view of human oversight. This research discusses AI-run security models shortcomings using two well-known cyber incidents, the first being the Twitter Bitcoin Scam (2020) and the second being the Solar Winds cyberattack (2020). In both instances, attackers evaded automated security controls by exploiting human weaknesses via social engineering in Twitter’s case and a complex supply chain attack in SolarWinds. ...
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