
between the different operators. Another protocol is Media Gateway
Control Protocol (MGCP), or the related H.248/Media Gateway
Controller (MEGACO), which sometimes is used to control IP phones
on a low level in order for operators to connect these to the old tele-
phone network, the Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN).
It should be noted that IP telephony (where ordinary telephony is
emulated over IP) is only a small part of P2P communication for
which SIP was created. Real-time P2P communication is now the
next big step in Internet usage, following e-mail and web surfing.
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15.4 Routers, firewalls, and NATs
When connecting a PC to the Internet, you ...