April 2019
Intermediate to advanced
480 pages
16h 38m
English
Content preview from High Value Fermentation Products, Volume 1
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Chapter 5Role of Antifungal Drugs in Combating Invasive Fungal Diseases
Kakoli Dutt
Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Banasthali Vidyapith, Rajasthan
Corresponding author: kakoli_dutt@rediffmail.com
Abstract
In the era of antibiotics, antifungal drugs have gained prominence due to the invasive fungal infections affecting millions globally. These drugs are created either to be fungistatic or fungicidal and are generally targeted to three categories of fungal diseases like dermatophytic, systemic and opportunistic infections. Azoles, polyenes and allylamines/thiocarbonates have been the classical families of antifungal agents. Currently, several new drug families like echinocandins and flucytosine have also entered the market with increasing prominence. The mode of action for antifungal drugs is either to inhibit the cell wall biosynthesis or to interfere with cellular division. However, despite new drugs being discovered, resistance to antifungal agents makes the search for newer, better and faster-acting drugs a necessity.
Keywords: Antifungal agents, azole, polyene, echinocandins, ergosterol inhibitor
5.1 Introduction
Globally, over a billion people are impacted with fungal diseases. It is estimated that these fungi cause at least 1.4 million deaths worldwide per year [1, 2]. Out of approximately 30 fungal species currently identified as human pathogens, Aspergillus, Candida, Cryptococcus, Pneumocystis jirovecii, endemic dimorphic fungi including Histoplasma capsulatum ...
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