April 2019
Intermediate to advanced
480 pages
16h 38m
English
Content preview from High Value Fermentation Products, Volume 1
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Chapter 6Current Update on Rapamycin Production and its Potential Clinical Implications
Girijesh K. Patel1,2,*, Ruchika Goyal1 and Syed M. Waheed1
1Department of Biotechnology, Graphic Era University, Dehradun, India
2Department of Oncologic Sciences, University of South Alabama, Mobile, USA
*Corresponding author: patelgirijesh@gmail.com
Abstract
Rapamycin is a nitrogen containing triene macrolide, produced by a soil bacterium Streptomyces hygroscopicus. Besides the initial application as antibiotics, it is widely used as a potent immunosuppressant during organs- and bone marrow- transplants and also possesses impressive anti-aging, anti-inflammatory-, neuro-protective- and anti-cancer activities along with other medicinal applications in Parkinson’s disease, rheumatoid arthritis, etc. Because of lower production efficiency of wild strain and multifaceted activities in medicine, attempts have been made from time to time to improve production and functional efficacy of rapamycin by optimizing different culture conditions, media components, temperature, pH, agitation speed and random- as well as site-directed mutagenesis in rapamycin biosynthetic pathways-related genes. Several analogs of rapamycin (rapalogs) have also been synthesized to improve its efficacy. In addition to its therapeutic values, extended use of rapamycin increases the risk of diabetes by developing resistant to insulin and affects glucose homeostasis.
Keywords: Rapamycin; cancer; immunosuppressant, mTOR,
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