book

iPhone 3D Programming

by Philip Rideout

May 2010

Intermediate to advanced

438 pages

11h 28m

English

O'Reilly Media, Inc.

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How to Read This BookConventions Used in This BookUsing Code ExamplesSafari® Books OnlineHow to Contact UsAcknowledgments
Transitioning to Apple TechnologyObjective-CA Brief History of OpenGL ESChoosing the Appropriate Version of OpenGL ESGetting StartedInstalling the iPhone SDKBuilding the OpenGL Template Application with XcodeDeploying to Your Real iPhoneHelloArrow with Fixed FunctionLayering Your 3D ApplicationStarting from ScratchLinking in the OpenGL and Quartz LibrariesSubclassing UIViewHooking Up the Application DelegateSetting Up the Icons and Launch ImageDealing with the Status BarDefining and Consuming the Rendering Engine InterfaceImplementing the Rendering EngineHandling Device OrientationAnimating the RotationHelloArrow with ShadersShadersFrameworksGLViewRenderingEngine ImplementationWrapping Up
The Assembly Line MetaphorAssembling Primitives from VerticesAssociating Properties with VerticesThe Life of a VertexThe Photography MetaphorSetting the Model MatrixScaleTranslationRotationSetting the View TransformSetting the Projection TransformSaving and Restoring Transforms with Matrix StacksAnimationInterpolation TechniquesAnimating Rotation with QuaternionsVector Beautification with C++HelloCone with Fixed FunctionRenderingEngine DeclarationOpenGL Initialization and Cone TessellationSmooth Rotation in Three DimensionsRender MethodHelloCone with ShadersWrapping Up
Reading the TouchscreenSaving Memory with Vertex IndexingBoosting Performance with Vertex Buffer ObjectsCreating a Wireframe ViewerParametric Surfaces for FunDesigning the InterfacesHandling Trackball RotationImplementing the Rendering EnginePoor Man’s Tab BarAnimating the TransitionWrapping Up
Examining the Depth BufferBeware the Scourge of Depth ArtifactsCreating and Using the Depth BufferFilling the Wireframe with TrianglesSurface NormalsFeeding OpenGL with NormalsThe Math Behind NormalsNormal Transforms Aren’t NormalGenerating Normals from Parametric SurfacesLighting UpHo-Hum AmbianceMatte Paint with Diffuse LightingGive It a Shine with SpecularAdding Light to ModelViewerUsing Light PropertiesShaders DemystifiedAdding Shaders to ModelViewerNew Rendering EnginePer-Pixel LightingToon ShadingBetter Wireframes Using Polygon OffsetLoading Geometry from OBJ FilesManaging Resource FilesImplementing ISurfaceWrapping Up
Adding Textures to ModelViewerEnhancing IResourceManagerGenerating Texture CoordinatesEnabling Textures with ES1::RenderingEngineEnabling Textures with ES2::RenderingEngineTexture Coordinates RevisitedFight Aliasing with FilteringBoosting Quality and Performance with MipmapsModifying ModelViewer to Support MipmapsTexture Formats and TypesHands-On: Loading Various FormatsTexture Compression with PVRTCThe PowerVR SDK and Low-Precision TexturesGenerating and Transforming OpenGL Textures with QuartzDealing with Size ConstraintsScaling to POTCreating Textures with the CameraCameraTexture: Rendering Engine ImplementationWrapping Up
Blending RecipeWrangle Premultiplied AlphaBlending CaveatsBlending Extensions and Their UsesWhy Is Blending Configuration Useful?Shifting Texture Color with Per-Vertex ColorPoor Man’s Reflection with the Stencil BufferRendering the Disk to Stencil OnlyRendering the Reflected Object with Stencil TestingRendering the “Real” ObjectRendering the Disk with Front-to-Back BlendingStencil Alternatives for Older iPhonesAnti-Aliasing Tricks with Offscreen FBOsA Super Simple Sample App for SupersamplingJitteringOther FBO EffectsRendering Anti-Aliased Lines with TexturesHolodeck SampleApplication SkeletonRendering the Dome, Clouds, and TextHandling the Heads-Up DisplayReplacing Buttons with Orientation SensorsAdding accelerometer supportAdding compass supportOverlaying with a Live Camera ImageWrapping Up

Text Rendering 101: Drawing an FPS CounterGenerating a Glyphs Texture with PythonRendering the FPS TextStabilizing the counter with a low-pass filterFleshing out the FpsRenderer classSimplify with glDrawTexOESCrisper Text with Distance FieldsGenerating Distance Fields with PythonUse Distance Fields Under ES 1.1 with Alpha TestingAdding Text Effects with Fragment ShadersSmoothing and DerivativesImplementing Outline, Glow, and Shadow EffectsAnimation with Sprite SheetsImage Composition and a Taste of MultitexturingMixing OpenGL ES and UIKitRendering Confetti, Fireworks, and More: Point SpritesChapter Finale: SpringyStarsPhysics Diversion: Mass-Spring SystemC++ Interfaces and GLViewApplicationEngine ImplementationOpenGL ES 1.1 Rendering Engine and Additive BlendingPoint Sprites with OpenGL ES 2.0Wrapping Up
Texture Environments under OpenGL ES 1.1Texture CombinersBump Mapping and DOT3 LightingAnother Foray into Linear AlgebraGenerating Basis VectorsNormal Mapping with OpenGL ES 2.0Normal Mapping with OpenGL ES 1.1Generating Object-Space Normal MapsReflections with Cube MapsRender to Cube MapAnisotropic Filtering: Textures on SteroidsImage-Processing Example: BloomBetter Performance with a Hybrid ApproachSample Code for Gaussian BloomWrapping Up
InstrumentsUnderstand the CPU/GPU SplitVertex Submission: Above and Beyond VBOsBatch, Batch, BatchInterleaved Vertex AttributesOptimize Your Vertex FormatUse the Best Topology and IndexingLighting OptimizationsObject-Space LightingDOT3 Lighting RevisitedBaked LightingTexturing OptimizationsCulling and ClippingPolygon WindingUser Clip PlanesCPU-Based ClippingShader PerformanceConditionalsFragment KillingTexture Lookups Can Hurt!Optimizing Animation with Vertex SkinningSkinning: Common CodeSkinning with OpenGL ES 2.0Skinning with OpenGL ES 1.1Generating Weights and IndicesWatch Out for PinchingFurther Reading
Disclaimer Regarding PerformanceVector.hppMatrix.hppQuaternion.hpp

Content preview from iPhone 3D Programming

Preface

How to Read This Book

“It makes programming fun again!” is a cliché among geeks; all too often it’s used to extol the virtues of some newfangled programming language or platform. But I honestly think there’s no better aphorism to describe iPhone graphics programming. Whether you’re a professional or a hobbyist, I hope this book can play a small role in helping you rediscover the joy of programming.

This book is not an OpenGL manual, but it does teach many basic OpenGL concepts as a means to an end, namely, 3D graphics programming on the iPhone and iPod touch. Much of the book is written in a tutorial style, and I encourage you to download the sample code and play with it. Readers don’t need a graphics background, nor do they need any experience with the iPhone SDK. A sound understanding of C++ is required; fluency in Objective-C is useful but not necessary. A smidgen of Python is used in Chapter 7, but don’t let it scare you off.

I tried to avoid making this book math-heavy, but, as with any 3D graphics book, you at least need a fearless attitude toward basic linear algebra. I’ll hold your hand and jog your memory along the way.

If you’re already familiar with 3D graphics but haven’t done much with the iPhone, you can still learn a thing or two from this book. There are certain sections that you can probably skip over. Much of Chapter 2 is an overview of general 3D graphics concepts; I won’t be offended if you just skim through it. Conversely, if you have iPhone experience but ...