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Perl语言入门(第8版)
book

Perl语言入门(第8版)

by Randal L. Schwartz, brian d foy, Tom Phoenix
October 2022
Beginner to intermediate
390 pages
7h 5m
Chinese
Southeast University Press
Content preview from Perl语言入门(第8版)
用正则表达式进行匹配
163
择一捕获
捕获变量可能会出现在择一匹配中,并且变量编号的规则仍然适用:计算左括号的顺
序。但是,只有一个分支可以匹配。所以在这里的两个捕获变量中,哪一个有非空
值?
if ( $name =~ /(F\w+)|(P\w+)/ ) { # Fred
还是
Pebbles?
print "1: $1\n2: $2\n";
}
启用警告功能后,其中一个捕获变量(因为使用未初始化的值)会产生警告消息。
更复杂的是,在择一匹配之外添加第三个捕获,导致
$4
这个捕获变量。其他的规则
仍然继续适用:
/
( # $1
(F\w+) | # $2
(P\d+) # $3
)
\s+
(\w+) # $4
/x.
择一匹配进入另一个分支时会发生什么?该新分支的捕获变量成为
$4
,最后一次捕获
则进入
$5
/
( # $1
(F\w+) | # $2
(P\d+) | # $3
(Dino) # $4,
新捕获
)
\s+
(\w+) #
现在是
$5
/x
这非常糟糕。你想要的应该是稳定的逻辑,无论择一匹配的哪个分支得到匹配,捕获
内容都会稳定进入固定的数字变量。这样,就可以确定捕获变量的编号只有一种情
况,也就是说,新分支不会干扰模式的其余部分。
Perl 5.10
添加了分支重置操作符
(?|...)
来处理这个问题:
/
(?| #
这里所有的都算
$1
(F\w+) |
(P\d+) |
(Dino)
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Perl语言入门

Perl语言入门

Randal L. Schwartz, brian d foy, Tom Phoenix

Publisher Resources

ISBN: 9787576602036